Overactive Bladder (OAB) cause & treatment

Overactive Bladder (OAB) cause & treatment - What is overactive bladder (OAB)? - Overactive Bladder (OAB) is a condition in which the bladder does not contract properly, causing a sudden urge to urinate. When this happens, in some people causes also the 'wet' (little trickle before it can reach the toliet), although this is not always the case. Another symptom of OAB is often to the toilet - eight times or more for 24 hours and woke up one or more times at night to urinate. 

What is the cause of overactive bladder (OAB)? 

Precisely usually causes a person to experience OAB is unknown. This is not a normal part of the aging process, although it looks a lot experienced by the elderly. It is also not due to too much drink or too effect after delivery. Research shows that women who gave birth and who have never given birth have the same risk for experiencing OAB. 

Several factors contribute to the cause of OAB and symptoms: 

Damage to the central nervous system (such as damage due to stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis or spinal cord damage) 

Barriers and weaknesses urethra 

Muscle weakness that hold the bladder in place 

Deficiency of estrogen (in women) 

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate) 

Urinary tract infections 

Bladder cancer or bladder stones 

Complications of hysterectomy or prostate surgery 

OAB impact on your life 

Overactive Bladder (OAB) is not just a minor inconvenience. More than 65% of all patients with OAB reported that this is causing problems in their everyday lives. 

Overactive Bladder (OAB) can cause serious financial problems, such as additional expenses for the use of commercial products (adult diapers). 

Overactive Bladder (OAB) can be influential in sexual activity because of fear of wetting the bed and felt ashamed of her partner. 

Overactive Bladder (OAB) caused a 26% risk for falls and third because it had a broken bone in a hurry often wake up at night to urinate. 

OAB treatment 

By the time you meet with your doctor, you can consult your pain complaints and treatment plan. 

Recent research shows that a combination of therapies, such as behavioral therapy and medical therapy 85% decrease bedwetting symptoms that can not be retained (behavioral therapy alone lowered by 57% while lowering drugs 72%). 

Behavioral therapy includes two major exercises, train the bladder to hold urinate within the specified time and strength training the muscles that control the bladder and mendukkung. 

Other OAB treatment in the form of drug therapy. Commonly used drug for the treatment of OAB is anticholinergic / antimuscarinic are also known to relax the bladder. Several studies showed reduced symptoms of OAB Approximately 50-80% of patients who receive this drug.

Peripheral Artery Disease Cause & Symptom

Peripheral Artery Disease Cause & Symptom - Definition - Peripheral arterial disease / Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is a condition in which narrowed arteries reduce the circulation of blood flow to your legs. 

When you have peripheral arterial disease, limb - usually legs - do not receive enough blood flow. This causes symptoms, especially leg pain when walking (intermittent claudication). 

Peripheral arterial disease also may be a sign of a wider accumulation of fatty deposits in the arteries (atherosclerosis). This condition can reduce blood flow to the heart and brain, as well as your legs. 

Often times, you can treat peripheral artery disease by quitting smoking, exercising and eating a healthy diet. 

Symptoms of peripheral artery disease include: 

• Painful muscle cramps in the hips, thighs or calves after activity, such as walking or climbing stairs (intermittent claudication). 

• Legs feel numb or weak. 

• Cold in the lower leg or foot, especially when compared with the other leg 

• Injuries to the toes or foot that does not heal 

• Change the color of your feet 

• Hair loss or slower hair growth on the feet and lower limbs. 

• slow nail growth 

• Skin discoloration on the toe area. 

• No pulse or a weak pulse in the foot or leg. 

• Erectile dysfunction in men 

Cause 

Peripheral arterial disease is often caused by arteroslerosis (narrowing of blood vessels). On atherosclerosis, fatty deposits (plaque) builds up in the walls of arteries and reduces blood flow. 

Although the heart is usually the focus of the discussion of atherosclerosis, the disease can and usually affects arteries throughout your body. When it occurs in the arteries that supply blood to your limbs, it causes peripheral arterial disease. 

Less common causes such as vascular inflammation, injury to the limbs, unusual anatomy of the ligaments or muscles, or exposure to radiation. 

Risk Factors 

Factors that increase your risk of peripheral artery disease include: 

• Smoking 

• Diabetes 

• Obesity (body mass index over 30) 

• High blood pressure (140/90 mmHg or higher) 

• High cholesterol (total blood cholesterol over 240 milligrams per deciliter, or 6.2 millimoles per liter) 

• Increasing age, especially after reaching the age of 50 years 

• Family history of peripheral arterial disease, heart disease or stroke 

• Excess levels of homocysteine, a protein component that helps build and maintain a network 

People who smoke or have diabetes have the greatest risk of peripheral arterial disease due to decreased blood flow. 

Complication 

• Chronic Limb Ischemia (CLI). This condition begins with open sores that do not heal, injury, or infection of the leg or foot. CLI occurs when injury or infection develops and can cause tissue death (gangrene), sometimes requiring amputation of the affected limb. 

• Stroke and heart attack. Atherosclerosis that causes signs and symptoms of peripheral arterial disease is not limited to your feet. Fat deposits also occur in the arteries that supply the heart and brain. 

Examination and Diagnosis 

• Physical Examination. 

• Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). 

• Ultrasound. 

• Angiography. 

• Blood tests. 

Drugs 

• Cholesterol-lowering drugs. 

• high blood pressure medicine. 

• Drugs to control blood sugar. 

• Medicines to prevent blood clots. 

• Drugs to alleviate the symptoms .. 

Angioplasty and surgery 

In some cases, angioplasty or surgery may be needed to treat peripheral artery disease that causes intermittent claudication: 

• Angioplasty. In this procedure, a small hollow tube (catheter) is inserted threaded through blood vessels to the affected artery. Small balloon at the tip of the catheter expands to reopen the artery and flatten the blockage against the artery wall, while at the same time stretch the artery open to increase blood flow. 

• Bypass Surgery. Your doctor may make a bypass graft using a blood vessel from another part of your body or a synthetic blood vessels. This technique allows blood to flow around - or cut - the blocked or narrowed artery. 

• Thrombolytic Therapy. If you have a blood clot blocking an artery, your doctor may inject drugs to dissolve clots in your arteries at the point of the clot

Pulmonary hypertension Cause & Symptom

Pulmonary hypertension Cause & Symptom - Definition - Pulmonary hypertension is a type of high blood pressure that affects the arteries in the lungs and the right side of your heart. 

Pulmonary hypertension begins when tiny arteries in the lungs, called pulmonary arteries, and capillaries become narrowed, blocked or damaged. This makes it difficult for blood to flow through the lungs, which increases the pressure in the arteries in your lungs. When the pressure increases, the lower right chamber of the heart (the right ventricle) must work harder to pump blood through the lungs, causing the heart muscle to weaken and ultimately does not work. 

Pulmonary hypertension is a serious disease that worsens and sometimes fatal. Although pulmonary hypertension is not curable, treatments are available to help reduce symptoms and improve the quality of your life. 

Symptom 

The signs and symptoms of pulmonary hypertension at an early stage may not be seen for months or even years. The course of the disease, the symptoms become worse. 

Symptoms of pulmonary hypertension include: 

• Shortness of breath (dyspnea), initially on exertion and eventually at rest 
• Fatigue 
• Dizziness or fainting (syncope) 
• Or chest pain 
• Swelling (edema) in the leg and finally the abdomen (ascites) 
• Bluish color of the lips and skin (cyanosis) 
• Rapid pulse or heart palpitations 

Cause 

The heart has two rooms upstairs and two rooms downstairs. Every moment of blood through the heart, the lower right chamber (right ventricle) pumps blood to the lungs through a large blood vessel (pulmonary artery). In the lungs, the blood releases carbon dioxide and takes on oxygen. Oxygen-rich blood then flows through the blood vessels in the lungs (arteries, capillaries and pulmonary veins) to the left side of the heart. 

Normally, blood flows easily through the vessels in the lungs, so blood pressure is usually much lower in the lungs. On pulmonary hypertension, rise in blood pressure caused by changes in the cells lining the pulmonary artery. These changes lead to additional tissue is formed, eventually narrowing or completely blocking the blood vessels, making the blood vessels stiff and narrow. This makes it harder for blood to flow, increases blood pressure in the pulmonary artery. 

Idiopathic Pulmonary Hypertension 

When the underlying cause for pulmonary hypertension can not be found, the condition is called idiopathic pulmonary hypertension (Idiopathic Pulmonary Hypertension / IPH). 

Some people with IPH may have genes that are risk factors for developing pulmonary hypertension. But in most people with IPH, no definite cause. 

Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension 

Pulmonary hypertension caused by another medical problem is called secondary pulmonary hypertension. Types of pulmonary hypertension is more common than idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. Causes of secondary pulmonary hypertension include: 

• Blood clots in the lungs (pulmonary embolism) 
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, such as emphysema 
• Connective tissue disorders such as scleroderma or lupus 
• Sleep apnea and other sleep disorders 
• Congenital heart disease 
• Sickle cell anemia 
• Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis) 
• AIDS 
• Lung diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, a condition that causes scarring in the tissue between the air sacs of the lungs (interstitium) 
• Left heart failure 
• Live at a higher altitude than 8,000 feet (2,438 meters) 
• Rock climbing or hiking to altitudes higher than 8,000 feet (2,438 meters) without adjustment first. 
• The use of certain drugs, such as cocaine 

Risk Factors 

Although anyone can be affected by both types of pulmonary hypertension, older people tend to suffer from secondary pulmonary hypertension, and younger people tend to suffer from idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension is also more common in women than men. 

Another risk factor for pulmonary hypertension is a family history of disease. Some genes may be associated with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. These genes can cause an overgrowth of cells in the small arteries of your lungs, making it more narrow. 

If one of your family members suffers from idiopathic pulmonary hypertension and showed a positive test for gene mutations that can lead to pulmonary hypertension, your doctor or a genetic counselor may recommend that you or your family members will test the gene mutation. 

Complication 

Pulmonary hypertension can cause a number of complications, including: 

Right heart failure (Cor pulmonale). 

Blood clots. 

Arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat). 

Bleeding. 

Test & Diagnosis 

CXR. 

Echocardiogram. 

Transesophageal echocardiogram. 

Right heart catheterization. 

Additional tests: 

Pulmonary function tests. 

Perfusion lung scan. 

Computerized tomography (CT) scan. 

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). 

Lung biopsy. 

Genetic tests 

Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension 

After being diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension, your doctor may classify disease using guidelines developed by the New York Heart Association. 

Class I. Although you have been diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension, you do not have symptoms. 

Class II. You do not have symptoms at rest, but you have fatigue, shortness of breath or chest pain with normal activity. 

Class III. You feel comfortable at rest but have symptoms when you are physically active. 

Class IV. You have symptoms even at rest. 

Drugs 

 Vasodilators. 

Endotelin.Reseptor antagonist 

High doses of calcium channel blockers. 

Anticoagulants. 

Diuretics. 

Oxygen. 

Operation 

• Atrium septostomy. If the medication can not control your pulmonary hypertension, open heart surgery may be an option. In atrial septostomy, the surgeon will create a gap between the left and right chamber of your heart to relieve the pressure on the right side of your heart. Atrial septostomy can have serious complications, including heart rhythm abnormalities (arrhythmias). 

• Transplantation. In some cases, lung transplantation or heart-lung might be an option, especially for young people who have idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. The main risk of any type of transplants, including organ transplant rejection and serious infection, and you have to take immunosuppressant drugs for life to help reduce the possibility of rejection.

Hypertension Crisis Very high blood pressure

Hypertension Crisis - Is Hypertension Crisis? Hypertensive crisis is a severe increase in blood pressure that can lead to stroke. Very high blood pressure - systolic blood pressure (the top number) of 180 mmHg or higher and diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number) of 120 mmHg or higher - can cause damage to blood vessels. Inflammation of the blood vessels and may leak fluid or blood. As a result, the heart can not pump blood effectively.

Hypertensive crisis is divided into two categories: urgency and emergency.

Urgency hypertensive crisis is when your blood pressure is very high, but doctors do not suspect you have signs of damage to your organs.

Signs and symptoms of urgency hypertensive crises may include:

• Increased blood pressure 
• Severe headache 
• Severe anxiety 
• Shortness of breath 

Emergency hypertensive crisis is when your blood pressure is very high, and has caused damage to your organs.

Emergency hypertensive crisis can have life-threatening complications, such as:

• Fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema) 
• Swelling of the brain or brain hemorrhage 
• Tear in the main artery of the heart (aortic dissection) 
• Heart attack 
• Stroke 
• High blood pressure with seizures (eclampsia), if you are pregnant 

If you are experiencing a severe increase in blood pressure, seek immediate medical attention. Treatment for a hypertensive crisis can include hospitalization for treatment with oral medications or intravenous (IV)

Fungal sinus infection symptoms and treatment

Overview of the fungal infection - Fungal infection characterized by the presence of tissue invasion by fungi. Fungal infections are divided into superficial fungal infection, localized injury to the skin condition to the deeper tissues to the lungs, blood, or other systemic infections.

Fungal infections can be categorized based on the infected part of the body, how deeply they penetrate the body, fungi that cause infections, and fungal forms.

Generally, when mold spores inhaled, the body's immune system will recognize it as foreign and destroy it so that no fungal infection.

Some opportunistic fungi that can cause disease when the immune system is compromised while others are pathogenic, which can cause disease either at the time the immune system is normal and does not ..

Causes and Symptoms

Candidiasis, aspergillosis and cryptococcosis are some of the common fungal infections caused by Candida albicans, Aspergillus and Cryptococcus. If one of these fungi into the bloodstream, they can attack internal organs, causing symptoms. Candida is a fungus that lives in the human body, but in certain circumstances, can proliferate and begin to affect the organs. Long-term use of antibiotics and high blood sugar levels may be the increased risk of this infection. The infection can affect vital organs such as the heart, kidneys and lungs. Fungal infection of the intestines can cause bloating, indigestion, diarrhea and abdominal discomfort. If the fungus to the brain, we can even suffer seizures.

Cryptococcosis is a serious fungal infection caused by inhaling a fungus called Cryptococcus. This fungus mainly found in soil with bird droppings. This fungus can cause inflammation of the lining of the brain. In such circumstances, people experience symptoms such as confusion, nausea, vomiting, seizures, blurred vision, headache or drowsiness. If the lung affected, patients may experience symptoms such as prostrate, dry cough, fever and chest pain.

Another fungus called Aspergillus can affect the sinuses or lungs. Invasive aspergillosis occurs when the fungus attacks the lungs and spread to other organs through the darah.Jamur can affect people who are immune compromised. Those who are diagnosed with cancer or HIV susceptible fungal infection. In severe cases, brain or bones may also be affected. This fungus can be inhaled through the soil or house dust. If the lungs or sinuses are affected, one of the most likely to experience symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, fever, or bleeding. While these symptoms are shown by one of the patients with fungal infections in the lungs, symptoms experienced will vary depending on the body part that is affected by a fungal infection.

Diagnosis and Treatment

If doctors suspect patients suffering from infections such as pathogens, they will perform a complete blood test, blood culture, urinalysis, X-rays, and other diagnostic procedures for formulating a diagnosis. Treatment will vary depending essentially on internal organs that may be affected by the fungus. If patients showed neurological symptoms, and doctors suspect the patient has meningitis, they can examine cerebrospinal fluid as well. As far as treatment is concerned, the use of anti-fungal medication is the first step to stop the fungus from growing further.

As mentioned earlier, aspergillosis, candidiasis and cryptococcosis, is the most common systemic disease caused by the fungus. Once the doctor is able to identify the fungi that cause, they can determine the choice of treatment of systemic fungal infections that can work for patients. Drugs can be taken orally or intravenously depending on the dosage given there.

 For example, micafungin is one of the drugs, which are used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis. This drug can be administered intravenously. Other drugs that may be prescribed include amphotericin B, itraconazole or caspofungin. In severe cases, when the ball mushroom fibers, white blood cells and form a blood clot in the lung, surgery may be required. Drug therapy coupled with changes in diet will certainly help in reducing the symptoms of candidiasis.

Fungi which infiltrate internal organs through the bloodstream, can certainly lead to life-threatening situations. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor immediately when symptoms of systemic yeast infection is. Diagnosis and treatment of rapid and precise will help in preventing the fungus from causing severe damage to internal organs. The sooner the condition is diagnosed and treated, the faster the recovery occurs.

Sinus Pain Relief

Symptoms of sinus- pain include pain associated with congestion from a common cold or allergies; pain around your eyes, forehead, or over your teeth; pain that is worse in the morning; and, pain that gets worse when you bend over. “Natural methods of relieving sinus pain that reduce swelling, thin mucous secretions, and improve sinus drainage are often very helpful," says Dr. Das.

Now we talking about Sinus Pain Relief. Sinusitis or sinus inflammation is caused by disability of the sinus cavities to work properly because sinus cavities in the skull are blocked by viruses, bacteria, or even fungi. It makes the mucus and air trap inside the cavities. And this condition can be really uncomfortable. It can give you terrible pain. Sinus Infection Symptoms

Sinus Infection Symptoms

Sinus Infection Symptoms - Sinusitis is inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, which may be due to infection, allergy, or autoimmune issues. Most cases are due to a viral infection and resolve over the course of 10 days. It is a common condition; for example, in the United States more than 24 million cases occur annually

{ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis }

Let’s learn more detail :

- sinus infection remedies

- sinus infection treatment

- chronic sinus infection

- sinus headache symptoms

- best antibiotic for sinus infection

- sinus pressure relief

- nasal congestion remedies

Sinus infection symptoms are varied depends on the level of the sinusitis as well as the nasal parts that get the infection. However, there are some common symptoms that you may feel continuously or coincidentally due to temperature change. The first infection is the pain around your eyes and forehead area. You may feel that you are being pressed on those areas. The pain is also felt on the top of your head. In this area, the pain can stay intensely when you do some head moves such as bending over your head or quickly moving your head.

Effect of Sinus Infection:

People with sinusitis may often feel fatigue. This fatigue stays even while you are taking a rest. This symptom often goes unnoticed in many patients, yet it is highly irritating because it hampers your performance at work, or even your social interactions with family and friends. The next sinus infection symptoms happen on the sinus area. You may find that you have sinus drainage in thick and any color from the clear into the yellowish green. It keeps flowing on your nose, and into some extent it even shows bloody sinus drainage. Somehow, you may feel that the sinus drain flows back to your throat and you accidentally swallow and feel nausea because of it.

Your sinus or nasal passages are blocked, hence it makes you difficult to breathe through your nose. As a consequence you may find out that you are breathing through your mouth, especially when sleeping at night. The sinus infection symptoms also affect your ability to taste or smell and object as well as causing you to have bad breath. As mentioned earlier, the symptom may also get accompanied by fever and sore throat. Ear pain is one of the symptoms, but it is rarely happen to the most of the patients.

Sinus Infection Home Remedy

Many people turn to a sinus infection home remedy to treat the initial symptoms of sinusitis. Sinus infection is a condition where the nasal passages and sinuses become inflamed due to an infection. This can often lead to a host of symptoms, including nasal congestion, headaches and a feeling of pressure in the areas of the nose, eyes and cheeks. A sinus infection affects millions of people every year. It can range from periodic attacks to chronic infections. There are medications such as antibiotics for sinus infection but many people prefer the natural approach, particularly during the early stages. A sinus infection home remedy may be a good option for you. Here are a few you can try:

Use a nasal wash.

A simple, homemade nasal irrigation wash can be concocted in the kitchen using a small amount of salt diluted in warm water. A good ratio to use would be 1/4 tsp. salt to 1 cup warm water. Fill an ear bulb syringe with the solution. Bend your head over a pan or sink. Tilt one side of the head slightly, so one nostril is elevated over the other. Aim the tip of the syringe at the nostril and gently squeeze the water out.

Allow the saline solution to fill the nasal passageway and drip through the other nostril. Hold your breath while you do this and finish the whole cup. Irrigating the nasal passageway will help flush away mucus and bacteria and relieve the swelling. Nasal irrigation must be performed 2 to 3 times day until the problem subsides.

Fight the infection.

The body has a natural way of fighting back infection and some of the best sinus infection remedies are those that help boost the body’s natural defense system. Start by eating fruits and vegetables that are rich in vitamins A and C, both of which are anti-oxidants and have anti-bacterial properties. Vegetables and raw vegetable juice from sources such as carrots, beets, cucumbers and spinach are also excellent for improving the immune system.

It is also a good idea to add more onions and garlic to your food. Both onion and garlic have bacteria-fighting properties and produce chemicals that help clear up nasal congestion. They both have a pungent smell but are quite excellent as a sinus infection home remedy.

Best Natural Sinus Infection Treatment

Not every sinus infection home remedy being sold today offers a natural way of treating the problem. Many of them are not even FDA approved and rely on dubious claims. An all-natural solution is Sinus Soothe™, a homeopathic remedy that helps alleviate the symptoms of sinus infection.

Sinus Soothe™ is an excellent solution for people with chronic sinusitis who may be sensitive or are allergic to certain drugs, antibiotics and other chemical compounds. It is also recommended to those who wish to avoid medications that may lead to dependency. Sinus Soothe™ is non-addictive, sourced from natural ingredients and FDA-registered for safety. Better yet, it comes with a one (1) year money-back guarantee, an assurance that the product is indeed a reliable source of relief from sinus infections.